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BORAIR RABBI BARUCH LEDERMAN 858-829-9648 RBL@Kehillastorah.org DEFINITION: Perfecting an ochel through selection and removal of psoless with which it is me’urav. An act is not considered Borair when ALL three of the following conditions are satisfied. An act is considered Borair when ANY three of the following conditions are not satisfied: B’yad – with the hand • If use a device which was made for borair such as a strainer, sieve or sifter; it is borair and asur. • If you use a device which sometimes is used for borair and sometimes used for other things, such as a funnel; but you are using it for borair then it is borair and asur. • If you use your hands with no special instrument then it is not borair and it is mutar. • A spoon or fork are considered as extensions of your hand, so they are not borair and are mutar. Miyad – for immediate use • According to the Ramah, Toch Seudah is considered miyad and is mutar. • Right before the seudah is miyad and mutar. • Long before the seudah is asur. • For after the seudah is asur. How long is “Right before the seudah”? 1 hour or enough time as the preparation requires (b’chdei sheya’aseh- HaGaon Rav Moshe Feinstein)
Ochel mitoch psoles – good from the bad • You need to take the chicken from the bone. Not the bone from the chicken. • Ochel mitoch ochel: It is permissible of you want them both e.g. you want the meat for you and the bone for your dog. Just do it whichever way is easier • If you have two types of ochel and you want them both now, you can separate them biyad, any way you wish. If you don’t want one now (or at all), then it is considered psoles to you. EXAMPLE 1: You have peas and carrots on your plate and you want peas and don’t want carrots. You must take the peas from the carrots. Not the carrots from the peas. EXAMPLE 2: You may remove skin from chicken, even if you don’t want the skin because skin and chicken are one type of ochel (davar echad mamash - HaGaon Rav Moshe Feinstein) • Tikun Ma’achal – If it is impossible to get to the ochel without removing the psoles, then it is mutar to remove the psoles. The reason is that in this case, removal of the psoles is the manner of eating this food (derech achilah) and not the manner of selecting (derech breirah). Therefore one may: Cut away the outer rotten leaves of a head of lettuce. Peal a banana or orange. Shell nuts. Remove bones from fish. Trim fat off meat. Remove paper connected to cake. Remove burnt part of bread.
Borair applies to food and to non-food items. What you want to use now is ochel, what you want to use later or not at all is psoles. EXAMPLE 1: You wish to take a pair of socks out of the drawer on Friday night to wear on Shabbos day: • If there are numerous different socks in the drawer, then it is borair and asur. • If all of the socks are the same (type, color, quality) then it is not considered borair, and is mutar. • If there are so few pairs that they stand out discernibly separate, then they are not considered me’urav, and it is mutar. EXAMPLE 2: If your coat is on the bottom of a pile of coats, or ‘buried’ in back of the closet, you may remove other coats to reach yours. EXAMPLE 3: After washing mixed silverware on Friday night, you may not separate them back into separate compartments for tomorrow’s Shabbos meal. • If only a few pieces are involved, then it is not considered me’urav and compartmentalizing is mutar. • If you put each one away as you dry them, it is mutar. • If they are lying on the table discernibly separate, so that there is no need to search between them, then they are not considered me’urav and it is mutar. • If they are me’urav, you can throw them on the table so that they spread out. This way they are no longer me’urav and you can compartmentalize them. Q: How do you prepare Tuna fish on Shabbos? A: The best thing is to prepare it before Shabbos. Although one may open a can on Shabbos by first puncturing the bottom, this is not l’chatchila. If you overturn the opened can with the lid still in place to drain out the water/oil, it is borair. If you press the lid to squeeze out the water/oil, it is s’chitah (wringing). When you mash the Tuna fish with mayonnaise, you run into the melacha of losh (kneading), and doing a shinui may not help. Therefore the best thing to do is to prepare it all before Shabbos. If you put it in the frig in a good container it will be fine.
A: Removing the fly from the soup with your finger or silverware is taking psoles from ochel, and asur. • Using your spoon, you may take out a spoonful of soup with the fly in it. • You may blow the fly to the edge and pour out a bit of soup with the fly in it.
Q: What do you do if you want to remove the raisons from raison wine? A: Removing the raisons from the wine, even with your finger, is borair and asur. • You may take out some of the wine with the raison as in the fly/soup case. • You may pour out the wine, carefully leaving the raisons in the bottle, so long as some wine remains.
Q: How do you get rid of the excess water from chulent? A: You may spill off some water, but not all the water. • Pouring out all the water from string beans or noodles is borair and asur.
Q: May you remove eggs from a pot of water? A: Large objects in water (eggs, large pieces of fish or chicken, whole carrots) are not considered me’urav since you don’t have to search for them. Therefore borair is not applicable and you may remove them by hand, even if it is not miyad (for immediate use).
Q: What is min echad? A: Min echad means one type. In one type of food (min echad) if all the pieces are edible and comparable quality, then borair does not apply. Therefore if you have big and small pieces of trout, removal of all the big pieces or all the small pieces, even for use later in the day is permissible.
Q: What if it is one type but the pieces are of different quality? A: Borair would apply. • If there are burnt pieces and good pieces, you may not remove the burnt from the good. • If there are fresh pieces and stale pieces, you may not remove the stale from the fresh. • One may remove the good or the fresh pieces for immediate use.
Q: What is shnei minim? A: Shnei minim (two types) is when they are called by different names or taste differently. • Two types of bread: White bread & black bread. • Two types of cake: Honey cake and cake made with oil. • Two types of fish: Carp and Halibut. • 2 styles of same fish: Pike filet and Pike Gefilte Fish. • Two types of fowl: Chicken and turkey. • Two styles of same meat: Roast beef and cooked beef. • Two types of fruit: Apples and oranges. • Sweet and sour apples. • White and yolk of an egg is questionable, therefore we are machmir. • Sorting a platter of mixed cold cuts onto separate plates for each type to be used later is asur.
Q: Are light meat and dark meat of chicken considered min echad or shnei minim? A: Light and dark meat are considered min echad unless you detest one of them so much that it is not edible to you.
TEST YOURSELF: DEFINITION: Perfecting an ______ through ________ and _______ of _______ with which it is _______. An act is not considered Borair when ALL three of the following conditions are satisfied: B’yad – with the ______ • If use a device which was made for borair such as a _____________; it is ________ and _____. • If you use a device which sometimes is used for borair and sometimes used for other things, such as a _______; but you are using it for borair then it is _________ and ________. • If you use your hands with no special instrument then it is ____________ and it is _________. • A spoon or fork are considered as extensions of your hand, so they are _______ and are ________. Miyad – for __________ use What does Toch Seudah and what does it have to do with borair? How long is “Right before the seudah”? Ochel mitoch psoles – _______ from the _______• You need to take the chicken from the bone. Not the ________________________. • Ochel mitoch ochel: It is permissible of you want __________. Give an example:
If you have peas and carrots on your plate and you want peas and don’t want carrots. Then
May you remove skin from chicken? Why or why not? Explain the concept of Tikun Ma’achal and give 4 examples
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